戰昇的部落格

以下是 Week 15 的課程內容摘要與心得，這週的講義是「Final review」。課程重點包括前面幾週所學的總結與要點回顧，以及針對期末考試的準備建議。以下為重點整理：

 一、課程回顧與重點總結

1. 短期與長期分析

- 短期：資本固定，可能有正的變動利潤，但總利潤可能為負。

- 長期：資本可調整，自由進出，市場中僅剩下盈利的廠商。

2. 完全競爭市場

- 市場均衡條件：需求等於供給。

- 長期社會福利全部由消費者剩餘構成。

3. 壟斷市場

- 壟斷者透過價格高於邊際成本獲取利潤。

- 存在無謂損失，減少了社會總福利。

4. 博弈論與市場行為

- 靜態博弈：廠商透過同時設定產量進行競爭（Cournot 模型）。

- 動態博弈：廠商依序設定產量（Stackelberg 模型）。

- 重複博弈與合謀：分析卡特爾的穩定性與政府的反壟斷政策。

二、期末考準備建議

1. 重點覆習

- 熟悉課堂與作業中的模型與計算，例如需求函數推導、均衡條件與博弈策略。

- 針對完全競爭、壟斷市場及合謀行為的社會福利影響，理解其邏輯推演。

2. 考試形式

- 包含四個較長的模型題目，形式與作業及期中考相似。

- 禁止攜帶筆記、書本、筆記型電腦或計算器。

心得總結

這週的複習課程幫助我將整個學期的內容串聯起來，特別是市場結構與社會福利的影響分析。透過總結與模擬練習，我對壟斷市場的無謂損失及合謀的穩定性有了更清晰的理解。

然而，我發現自己在處理博弈模型的數學推導時仍有些不足，例如 Cournot 與 Stackelberg 模型中的均衡計算。希望能在考試前針對這些部分進行更多練習，以提升解題的準確度與速度。

Below is the summary and reflection for Week 15. This week’s lecture focused on **Final Exam Review**, summarizing key points from the past weeks and providing preparation tips for the final exam. The main points are as follows:

A. Course Review and Key Highlights

1. Short-Run and Long-Run Analysis

- Short-Run: Capital is fixed, allowing for potential variable profits, though total profits may still be negative.

- Long-Run: Capital can be adjusted, with free market entry and exit leaving only profitable firms in the market.

2. Perfectly Competitive Market

- Market equilibrium condition: Supply equals demand.

- In the long run, social welfare is entirely composed of consumer surplus.

3. Monopoly Market

- Monopolists earn profits by setting prices above marginal costs.

- The existence of deadweight loss reduces overall social welfare.

4. Game Theory and Market Behavior

- Static Games: Firms compete by simultaneously setting quantities (Cournot Model).

- Dynamic Games: Firms set quantities sequentially (Stackelberg Model).

- Repeated Games and Collusion: Analyze the stability of cartels and the impact of antitrust policies.

B. Final Exam Preparation Tips

1. Key Areas to Review

- Familiarize yourself with models and calculations covered in lectures and assignments, such as deriving demand functions, equilibrium conditions, and game theory strategies.

- Understand the logic behind the welfare effects of perfectly competitive markets, monopolies, and collusion.

2. Exam Format

- The exam consists of four extensive model-based questions, similar to the assignments and midterm.

- Notes, textbooks, laptops, or calculators are not allowed.

Reflection Summary

This week’s review session helped me connect the topics covered throughout the semester, especially the analysis of market structures and their impacts on social welfare. Through summaries and practice, I gained a clearer understanding of deadweight loss in monopoly markets and the stability of collusion.

However, I still find mathematical derivations in game theory models, such as equilibrium calculations in the Cournot and Stackelberg models, to be challenging. I plan to practice these areas further before the exam to improve my accuracy and speed in solving such problems.